1179 The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle changes the tide of the civil wars. 1269 King Louis IX of France orders all Jews found in public without an identifying yellow badge to be fined ten livres of silver. 1301 Birth of Prince Morikuni, Japanese shogun (d. 1333) 1306 The Earl of Pembroke’s...

1025 Death of Boles? I the Brave, first king of Poland 1091 Death of Dirk V, Count of Holland (b. 1052) 1239 Birth of Edward I king of England (1272-1307). 1397 On Trinity Sunday in Midsummer in Kalmar, at a coronation ceremony, Erik of Pomerania is crowned King of Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Members of the three kingdoms meet for four weeks to discuss future...

1161 Death of Emperor Qinzong of China (b. 1100) 1381 Death of Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury 1381 King Richard II of England meets the leaders of Peasants’ Revolt. 1497 Death of Giovanni Borgia, Duke of Borgia (assassinated) 1544 Death of Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1489) 1548 Death of Carpentras, French composer 1594 Death of Orlande de...

1036 Death of Ali az-Zahir, caliph (b. 1005) 1231 Death of Anthony of Padua, Portuguese saint (b. 1195) 1373 Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance (world’s oldest) signed. 1497 King Fernando of Spain decrees that silver coins called reales be struck. 1611 John Fabricius dedicates earliest sunspot publication. 1625 King Charles I is married to the French...

1051 Death of St. Bardo in Paderborn (Germany); Benedictine monk, abbot, Archbishop of Mainz (1031), constructed Cathedral of Mainz. 1075 Death of Ernest of Austria (b. 1027) 1190 Death of Friedrich I (Friedrich Barbarossa). 1190 Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. 1213 Birth of Fakhruddin...

1051 Death of St. Bardo in Paderborn (Germany); Benedictine monk, abbot, Archbishop of Mainz (1031), constructed Cathedral of Mainz. 1075 Death of Ernest of Austria (b. 1027) 1190 Death of Friedrich I (Friedrich Barbarossa). 1190 Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. 1213 Birth of Fakhruddin...